In contempo years, the hashtag #LandBack has alike beyond Indigenous platforms to announce a charge to accost affiliated landscapes and assure the angelic and cultural assets they contain. Beyond the American Southwest, however, there has been an alike added alarm to action: “We can’t accept #LandBack after #WaterBack” reads the affiche actual for the Pueblo Action Alliance’s #WaterBack campaign.
Between Arizona and New Mexico alone, 43 federally accustomed tribes alarm the barren mural home. However, their means of activity accept been challenged by centuries of colonization and ability exploitation, consistent in ample cities siphoning baptize from reservations; extractive industries communicable Indigenous lands; and construction, poachers, and alike bedrock climbers aggressive cultural sites and age-old petroglyphs. Chaco Canyon, area Pueblo Action Accord does abundant of its work, is abominably a antecedent for abounding of these injustices.
Chaco Coulee is a 7.5-mile amplitude in the Chaco Wash of northwest New Mexico. It drains into the San Juan River, a analytical upstream sandstone accumulation for carrying baptize beyond the San Juan Basin. Specifically, the rincons, angular belly in bedrock formations, in the coulee bluff faces alter condensate to drought-stricken regions of the aerial desert, a action that anon impacts precipitation levels in an barren arena with abbreviate growing seasons. About 1,000 years ago, Chaco Coulee additionally served as an astronomic cultural hub for the Chacoans, affiliated Puebloans who quarried the coulee to body abundant houses that would serve as the political centermost of the age-old culture.
The houses were so great, in fact, that their arduous admeasurement would not be surpassed in North America until 19th-century American construction. It is estimated that amid 30,000 and 40,000 bodies dwelled aural the arena at its peak, agriculture beans, maize, and squash, and alike agreeable in a massive long-distance turquoise-trading industry. Both practices abide in the abreast Pueblos, which still abide in the barren Southwest desert.

The Greater Chaco arena has such a historical, cultural, and alike angelic acceptation to the Pueblos, Hopi, and Navajo that the arena has been appointed as the Chaco Ability National Historic Park. Not alone is the armpit abounding with angelic august kivas, partially or wholly underground accommodation for assuming religious rites, but additionally the absolute arena represents a brittle biodiversity and a altitude decumbent to acute acclimate from the El Niño–La Niña cycle.
Unfortunately, as with 85 percent of catch acreage in the Affiliated States, Chaco Coulee sits on resource-rich soil. Already, 91 percent of the accessible acreage in the coulee are busy for oil and gas extraction. Amid the asceticism of the site, its acceptation to the baptize basin and biodiversity, and water-intensive industries that intend to accomplishment it, there is little admiration why the anti-fossil ammunition attack Frack Off Greater Chaco begin accepted account with the Pueblo Action Accord (PAA) to argue the arising of added leases.
For Indigenous peoples, baptize goes several accomplish added than aloof accouterment sustenance. Baptize became an affair for the Wampanoag, who accept fought adopted wind turbines in Massachusetts that would arrest admission to the tribe’s angelic aurora practices. For the Winnemem Wintu of California, adopting the acme of the Shasta Dam threatened to flood out cultural resources. Similarly, in the Pacific Northwest, apricot people, such as the Suquamish, accept affiliated to appeal the abatement of dams that baffle with apricot migration, analytical to their acceptable lifeways and beliefs.
The assurance of water-grown aliment and alike august amnion are additionally threatened by the actuality of 532 Superfund sites in Indian Country alone, active in layers of red band that accomplish cleanup added arduous than in areas not beneath Indian jurisdiction. The protests adjoin the Dakota Admission Pipeline at Continuing Bedrock were a abrupt admonition of how water, extractive industry, and accord rights intersect. And in my own Ojibwe association in Minnesota, acceptable manoomin, a built-in ache of agrarian rice, and angle agriculture are challenged not alone by non-Indians alien with Indigenous agriculture rights, but additionally by the dioxin contagion from alone Superfund sites. The account goes on.
Especially in the Southwest, tribes accept had to badly action for their rights to the baptize systems their ancestors acclimated for years, but which now appear to them in the anatomy of hard-earned “paper rights”—essentially, promises on cardboard that generally are not kept. The point is, baptize is necessary, and through a aggregate of red tape, contamination, abridgement of concrete or airy access, absence due to altitude change, or development on affiliated and archaeological sites, affiliated communities are disproportionately affected.
That’s why groups like the Pueblo Action Accord accept stepped up not aloof to assure Chaco Canyon, but additionally to advance a archetype about-face that integrates acceptable Pueblo ethics into business.
Pueblo Action Accord consists of about 10 individuals, the majority of whom are full-time and attack with the abstraction of “rematriating” land, water, and accepted rights to the Pueblos of New Mexico. Drawing on attempt that affix bright aback to the Chacoan ancestors of Greater Chaco, the group’s director, Julia Fay Bernal, describes the accord as a non-incorporated alignment fiscally sponsored by a 503(c) that centers its absolute anatomy about Pueblo values.
These ethics accommodate prioritizing acceptable administration of affiliated landscapes, advancement a sliding pay calibration that reflects charge added than CV-based experience, and all-around time off on a arete basis. Given that the Pueblo ability is so aggressive about family, ceremony, and religious participation, Bernal says the attitude adjoin time off is “You don’t accept to explain to me why you can’t appear to assignment today.” It’s a archetypal that represents assurance and respect, continuing in abrupt adverse to best accepted Western attitudes of the 9–5 grind, and chain the Pueblos in means they hadn’t been back the 1680 Pueblo Revolt adjoin Spanish rule.
The accord additionally takes a different access by absorption on association apprenticeship about issues impacting the region. The accumulation follows accordant accompaniment and federal legislation, but, as Bernal describes, it “ultimately in agreement of ambit of assignment and accommodation focuses on action that impacts Pueblo lands, affiliated Pueblo territories, and what affectionate of ache it is accepting on water.”
The accumulation isn’t aloof anxious with fracking in Chaco: Various extractive industries in the arena are water-intensive in a water-scarce mural and account abolition to angelic spaces. Bernal cites the chestnut abundance of Oak Flat as an archetype affecting the Apache, as able-bodied as broader apropos about lithium mining, mercury extraction, and proposed hydrogen hubs in the region, which are all water-intensive processes.
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